Copyright & Plagiarism Policy

Authors retain copyright under CC BY 4.0. All submissions are screened for plagiarism before peer review.

Copyright

Authors who publish with IJED retain the copyright of their work. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

This license allows others to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Provided that appropriate credit is given, a link to the license is provided, and any changes are indicated.

Plagiarism Policy

IJED takes plagiarism very seriously. All submitted manuscripts are screened using Turnitin and other detection tools before peer review. The following are strictly prohibited:

Plagiarism — Presenting another author's work as your own without proper attribution.

Self-plagiarism — Reusing substantial portions of your own previously published work without citation.

Data fabrication — Inventing or manipulating research data or results.

Duplicate submission — Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.

Similarity Threshold

Manuscripts with a similarity index above 20% (excluding references and quotes) may be rejected outright or returned for revision. Each case is assessed individually by the editorial team.

Handling Misconduct

If plagiarism or research misconduct is detected after publication, the article may be retracted and the author's institution and funding body may be notified. All misconduct cases are handled in accordance with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.